News Excerpt:
In the revised Dietary Guidelines for Indians (DGIs), the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) have advised against Non-Stick Cookware due to health risks.
What is Non-Stick Cookware?
- It refers to kitchen utensils that have a coating designed to prevent food from sticking to the surface during cooking.
- This type of cookware typically features a smooth, non-porous layer made from materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon.
- The non-stick coating allows for easier cooking and cleaning, as less oil or fat is required to prevent food from adhering to the pan.
- Non-stick cookware is popular for its convenience and efficiency in preparing a wide variety of dishes.
How to use non-stick cookware safely?
While at normal temperatures, cooking in them is fine, but at high temperatures, the coating can produce toxins or poisonous fumes, which can lead to contamination of your food with PFAS, micro-, and nano plastics. Use of non-stick cookware safely is recommended in the following ways:
- Preheating of an empty pan must be avoided as it can heat up very fast and this will result in the release of toxic fumes.
- Cooking on low to medium flame is ideal.
- Use of a chimney or exhaust fan is advised while cooking in non-stick pans.
- Avoid scratching the non-stick coating while washing. Wash gently with a soft sponge and soapy, warm water.
- Replace cookware when coating deteriorates.
- It is better to cook in stainless steel, cast iron, and ceramic cookware.
Risks Associated with Non-Stick Cookware:
Health Related:
- Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are used in producing non-stick coatings such as Teflon. When heated to high temperatures, these chemicals can release toxic fumes into the air.
- Inhalation of these fumes is linked to health issues such as respiratory problems, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer.
- Overheating teflon-coated cookware can release fumes causing flu-like symptoms in humans and can be fatal to birds.
- PFOA, previously used in making Teflon, is a possible carcinogen.
- Over time, non-stick coatings can wear off, especially with high heat or abrasive cleaning. As the coating deteriorates, there is a risk of it leaching into food, particularly when cooking acidic foods or using metal utensils.
Environment Related:
- The production and disposal of non-stick coatings involve the use of chemicals that can be harmful to the environment and persist in the ecosystem for extended periods.
- Improper disposal of non-stick cookware can further contribute to pollution and environmental degradation.
What are PFOA and PFOS?
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Eco-Friendly Alternatives recommended by ICMR:
Consumers are advised to turn to eco-friendly alternatives for their cooking needs due to concerns about harmful chemicals in Teflon-based cookware. Following are some alternatives:
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Ceramic Cookware:
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- Made from natural materials such as clay and sand.
- Coated with a ceramic glaze, offering non-stick properties without harmful chemicals.
- Durable, scratch-resistant, and safe for use at high temperatures.
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Cast Iron Cookware:
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- Known for excellent heat retention and even heat distribution.
- Free from synthetic coatings and chemicals.
- Requires seasoning and proper maintenance to prevent rusting.
- Durable and versatile, used for centuries.
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Stainless Steel Cookware:
- Made from durable and recyclable materials.
- Free from harmful chemicals and coatings.
- Resistant to corrosion and staining.
- Long-lasting option for home cooks.
Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR)
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National Institute of Nutrition (NIN)
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