News Excerpt:
Amid uncertainties, a Congress leader is expected to be appointed as the Leader of the Opposition in the 18th Lok Sabha before the upcoming Parliament session.
More About the News: The 18th parliament is set to appoint a Leader of the Opposition, enabled by the UPA's majority, ending a decade-long absence in the Lower House since 2014.
Concept and Importance:
- The Leader of the Opposition in India holds a pivotal role within the parliamentary system, serving as the representative of the opposition voice in both Houses of Parliament.
- Engaging actively in decision-making processes, the Leader of the Opposition offers alternative perspectives and ensures accountability of the government.
- This role mirrors that of the Shadow Prime Minister in the UK. Their primary goal is to uphold the government's responsibility to the public.
Provision for Leader of Opposition:
- The Leader of Opposition is a statutory post defined in the Salaries and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977.
- He has been defined as the leader of the largest party in opposition in either the Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
- The Lok Sabha has 543 seats, and the Rajya Sabha has 243 members.
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- To gain formal recognition, a party must hold at least 10% of the total seats in the respective house.
- This means individual parties, not alliances, must meet this criterion.
Benefits and Responsibilities:
- Under The Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act of 1977, the Leader of the Opposition enjoys several benefits, including a salary, residence, and other allowances.
- Responsibilities include chairing opposition meetings, discussing and examining government policies and bills, and presenting alternative policies.
- They are part of many selection committees such as the selection committee for CVC.
Historical Context:
- The role has historical roots dating back to the Central Legislative Assembly in British India, with notable leaders like Motilal Nehru receiving statutory recognition and benefits.
- However, the post was not recognized till 1969 when Ram Subhag Singh became the first recognized LoP of the Lok Sabha.
- The Act of 1977 formally defined the term “Leader of the Opposition,” solidifying its significance in Indian polity.
Constitutional Mention:
- The Leader of the Opposition is mentioned in the Indian Constitution and is vital for questioning and challenging the decisions of the ruling party.
- They play a critical role in ensuring a balance of power and can potentially form the government if the current one falls.
Conclusion:
The Leader of the Opposition is a pivotal figure in Indian politics, leading the party that stands as the main opposition to the ruling party. This role is essential for maintaining democratic checks and balances, providing alternative policies, and ensuring government accountability.
